Hayvansal Üretim Sistemlerinde Sera Gazı Emisyonlarının Etkisini Hafifletmeye Yönelik Öneriler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i5.987-993.6022Anahtar Kelimeler:
sera gazı emisyonu- iklim değişikliği- hayvansal üretim- metan- teric fermantasyonÖzet
Hayvancılık faaliyetleri sonucunda atmosferde karbondioksit (CO2), metan (CH4) ve nitröz oksit (N2O) gazları açığa çıkmakta ve açığa çıkan bu gazlar küresel olarak iklim değişikliğine etki etmektedir. Hayvansal üretim önemli bir endüstri haline gelmiştir ve sera gazı emisyonlarının seviyelerini dikkate değer ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltma stratejilerinde hayvansal üretimin büyük bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Hayvansal üretim sistemlerinde sera gazı üretimini artıran bazı faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurlar arasında arazi kullanımı, enterik fermantasyon, gübre yönetimi ve işleme ve nakliye gibi unsurlar en üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Anılan faktörler arasında enterik fermantasyon ruminantların yem alım seviyesine, yemlerin ruminantlar tarafından sindirilebilirliğine bağlı olarak sindirim sistemlerinde metan (CH4) gazı açığa çıkarmakta ve metan (CH4) emisyonlarını meydana getirmektedir. Ruminantların, diğer çiftlik hayvanlarına oranla daha yüksek biyokütleleri ve sindirim ürünleri nedeniyle sera gazı emisyonlarına etkisi daha fazladır. Sera gazını hafifletmeye yönelik yapılan son çalışmalarda, literatürde farklı azaltma stratejileri vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmaya yönelik stratejiler ele alınmıştır.
Referanslar
Balezentis T, Dabkiene V, Streimikiene D. 2022. Eco-efficiency and shadow price of greenhouse gas emissions in Lithuanian dairy farms: an application of the slacks based measure. J. Clean. Prod.356,131857.
Beauchemin KA, Janzen HH, Little SM, McAllister TA, McGinn SM 2011. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from beef production in western Canada; evaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166, 663–677.
Bell MJ, Wall E, Simm G, Russell G. 2011. Effects of genetic line and feeding system on methane emission from dairy systems. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166, 699–707.
Broom DM, Galindo FA, Murgueitio E. 2013. Sustainable, efficient livestock production with high biodiversity and good welfare for animals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, 1771.
Charlton GL, Rutter SM, East M, Sinclair LA. 2011. Preference of dairy cows: indoor cubicle housing with access to a total mixed ration vs. access to pasture. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 130, 1–9.
Cheewaphongphan P, Chatani S, Saigusa N. 2019. Exploring Gaps between Bottom-Up and Top-Down emission estimates based on uncertainties in multiple emission inventories: a case study on CH4 Emissions in China. Sustainability 11, 2054.
Clonan A, Wilson P, Swift JA, Leibovici DG, Holdsworth M 2015. Red and processed meat consumption and purchasing behaviours and attitudes: impacts for human health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability. Public Health Nutrition 18, 2446–2456.
Crosson P, Shalloo L, O’Brien D, Lanigan GJ, Foley PA, Boland TM, Kenny DA. 2011. A review of whole farm systems models of greenhouse gas emissions from beef and dairy cattle production systems. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166, 29–45.
De Vries M, Bokkers EAM, Dijkstra T, Van Schaik G. De Boer IJM 2011. Associations between variables of routine herd data and dairy cattle welfare. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 3213–3228.
Enishi O. 2007. Greenhouse gas emissions caused from livestock in Japan. Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Asia Jakarta, (GGIAJ, 2007), National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.
EPA-Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/globalgreenhousegasemissions-data/, last access: 22 November, 2020.
EPA-United States Environmental Protection Agency. Climate Change Indicators: Greenhouse Gases. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/greenhouse-gases/, last access: 22 November 2020.
FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations statistical databases) 2018. Ana sayfa. 21 Aralık 2021 tarihinde şuradan alındı https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL.
Gaddis KP, Cole JB, Clay JS, Maltecca C. 2014. Genomic selection for producer-recorded health event data in US dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 3190–3199.
Gerber PJ, Hristov AN, Henderson B, Makkar H, Oh J, Lee C, Meinen R, Montes F, Ott T, Firkins J, Rotz A, Dell C, Adesogan AT, Yang WZ, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E, Waghorn G, Dijkstra J, Oosting S. 2013. Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Animal 7, 220–234.
Weiss F, Leip A. 2012. Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU livestock sector: a life cycle assessment carried out with the CAPRI model. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 149, 124–134.
Hegarty RS, Goopy JP, Herd RM, Mccorkell B. 2007. Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production. J. Anim. Sci., 85: 1479-1486. DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-236
Hemsworth PH, Coleman GJ. 2011. Human–livestock interactions. In The stockperson and the productivity and welfare of farmed animals (ed. PH Hemsworth and GJ Coleman), p 208. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
Peng S, Piao S, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Li B, Lin X, Tao S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou F. 2016. Inventory of anthropogenic methane emissions in mainland China from 1980 to 2010. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 14545–14562.
Jose VS, Sejian V, Bagath M, Ratnakaran AP, Lees AM, Al-Hosni YAS, Sullivan M, Bhatta R, Gaughan JB. 2016. Modeling of greenhouse gas emission from livestock. Front. Environ. Sci. 4, 27.
Kapell DNRG, Hill WG, Neeteson AM, McAdam J, Koerhuis ANM, Avendaño S 2012. Twenty-five years of selection for improved leg health in purebred broiler lines and underlying genetic parameters. Poultry Science 91, 3032–3043.
Pitesky M, Stackhouse K, Mitloehner F. 2009. Clearing the Air: Livestock’s Contribution to Climate Change. Advancesin Agronomy. ISSN0065-2113, DOI:10.1016/S0065-2113(09)030016.
Beauchemin KA, Janzen HH, Little SM, McAllister TA, McGinn SM. 2011. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from beef production in western Canada; evaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166, 663–677.
Nguyen TTH, Doreau M, Corson MS, Eugène M, Delaby L, Chesneau G, Gallard Y, Van der Werf HMG 2013. Effect of dairy production system, breed and co-product handling methods on environmental impacts at farm level. Journal of Environmental Management 120, 127–137.
Llonch P, Haskell MJ, Dewhurst RJ, Turner SP. 2017. Review: current available strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in Livestock Systems: an Animal welfare perspecvite. Animal 274-284.
Hristov AN, Henderson B, Makkar H, Oh J, Lee C, Meinen R, Montes F, Ott T, Firkins J, Rotz A, Dell C, Adesogan AT, Yang WZ, Tricarico JM, Kebreab E, Waghorn G, Dijkstra J, Oosting S. 2013. Technical options for the mitigation Welfare trade-offs with livestock GHG mitigation 283 of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review. Animal 7, 220–234.
Pryce JE, Wales WJ, De Haas Y, Veerkamp RF and Hayes BJ 2014. Genomic selection for feed efficiency in dairy cattle. Animal 8, 1–10.
Ribeiro LG, Machado FS, Campos MM, Guimaraes R, Tomich TR, Reis LG, Coombs C. 2015. Enteric methane mitigation strategies in ruminants: a review. Rev. Colombiana Ciencias Pecuarias 28, 124–143.
Rowland RR, Lunney J and Dekkers J 2012. Control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) through genetic improvements in disease resistance and tolerance. Frontiers in Genetics 3, 260.
Shibata M, Terada F. 2010. Factors affecting methane production and mitigation in ruminants. Animal Science Journal 81, 2e10.
Taylor MA 2012. Emerging parasitic diseases of sheep. Veterinary Parasitology 189, 2–7.
TGHGI, 2021. Turkish Greenhouse Gas Inventor. National Inventory Report for submission under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved on 18.04.2022 from https://unfccc.int/documents/271544.
Tubiello FN, Salvatore M, Rossi S, Ferrara A, Fitton N and Smith P 2013. The FAOSTAT database of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. Environmental Research Letters 8, 015009.
TÜİK, 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. 21 Aralık 2021 tarihinde şuradan alındı https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=37196&dil=2.
Vac SC, Popita GE, Frunzeti N, Popovici A. 2013. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emission from Animal manure using the closed chamber method for gas fluxes. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 41 (2), 576–581.
Vermeer HM, de Greef KH and Houwers HWJ 2014. Space allowance and pen size affect welfare indicators and performance of growing pigs under comfort class conditions. Livestock Science 159, 79–86.
Waghorn GC and Hegarty RS 2011. Lowering ruminant methane emissions through improved feed conversion efficiency. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166, 291–301.
Walsh SW, Williams EJ and Evans ACO 2011. A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science 123, 127–138.
Weiss F and Leip A 2012. Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU livestock sector: a life cycle assessment carried out with the CAPRI model. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 149, 124–134.
Zervas G, Tsiplakou E 2012. An assessment of GHG emissions from small ruminants in comparison with GHG emissions from large ruminants and monogastric livestock. Atmospheric Environment 49, 13–23.
Zhou ME, Sanabria H, Guan LL. 2009. Assessment of the microbial ecology of ruminal methanogens in cattle with different feed efficiencies. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 75: 65246533. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02815-08.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
