Assessment of Pollution and Risk of Elements and Primary Production Proxies in Putka Lake Wetland (Ardahan), Türkiye
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i9.1693-1705.6291Keywords:
Ecological risk, Putka Lake Wetland, Spatial distribution, Source identification, Enrichment factorAbstract
This study aimed to determine Potential Toxic Element (PTE) concentrations and possible sources in surface sediments of Putka Lake Wetland (PLW) and to contribute to the sustainability of this wetland by determining the ecological risk level. In addition, the study set out to measure the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and other primary production indicators to determine the level of organic pollution. For the study, surface sediment was taken from 8 different points identified on the lake surface. Multi-element analyses were conducted and Chlorophyll Degradation Products (CDP), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Biogenic Silica (BSi) were analyzed in the samples. Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Toxic Risk Index (TRI), Modified Ecological Risk (mER), Modified Potential Ecological Risk (mPER) indices were used for ecological evaluations. The minimum and maximum values of the variables are as follows. 113.37-623.82 for CDP, 10.21-29.57 for TOC, 0.51-0.96 for TN, 0.054-0.115 for TP, 0.317-0.90 for BSi, 11.70- for Cu 32.88, 10.25-21.65 for Pb, 44.20-75.90 for Zn, 18.40-50.60 for Ni, 3.20-10.50 for Co, 142-331 for Mn, 0.80-2.73 for Fe, 2.30-6.70 for As, 0.15-0.25 for Cd, V 15.0-56.0, 12.40-52.40 for Cr, for Ti 0.01-0.04, 0.74-3.49 for Al, 0.12-0.35 for Tl, 0.03-0.08 for Hg. Minimal enrichment was detected for the elements Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, As, V, Ti, Al. Moderate enrichment was found for Ni, Cd, Cr, Tl, while significant accumulation was found for Pb and Hg. The average value of mPER, which expresses the integrated ecological risk level of the elements, was found to be 584. It is recommended that further studies should be continued in the lake to monitor its impact on the ecosystem to ensure the protection and sustainability of this wetland, which is home to a wide variety of species.
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