Tissue-Specific Differences in Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i6.1548-1552.8611Keywords:
Bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L., Oxidative stress markers, Antioxidant enzymes, Plant fractionsAbstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is traditionally used for antidiabetic, antiulcer, and wound-healing purposes. In this study, the fruit was separated into five fractions: peel (Group 1), seed (Group 2), seed outer layer (Group 3), seed+seed outer layer (Group 4), and peel+seed+seed outer layer (Group 5). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured spectrophotometrically as markers of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense. The lowest MDA level was detected in the seed fraction, whereas the highest MDA level was observed in the seed outer layer. Antioxidant enzyme activities were elevated in fractions showing higher MDA levels, except for the seed. When CAT and SOD activities were compared, the highest CAT activity was detected in the seed outer layer, whereas the lowest was detected in the seed. The highest SOD activity was observed in the seed and seed outer layer, while the lowest activity was observed in the peel. The concomitant increase in MDA and antioxidant enzyme activities in the non-seed fractions may indicate a tissue-specific adaptive response associated with metabolic activity.
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