Biochemical Profiling of Local Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Genotypes: Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics and Color Attributes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i4.1125-1131.8567Keywords:
Radish, Phenolics, DPPH, FRAP, PCA, Functional foods, Bioactive compoundsAbstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an important functional vegetable rich in health-promoting phytochemicals; however, comprehensive biochemical evaluations of local Turkish germplasm remain limited. This study was conducted to address this gap by examining total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), dry matter content, and CIELAB color attributes (L*, a*, b*) in 26 genotypes collected from diverse agro-ecological regions of Türkiye. The analysis aimed to clarify how biochemical traits vary among genotypes, how they relate to color characteristics, and which genotypes exhibit relatively higher antioxidant-related performance. A standardized biochemical workflow was applied, and statistical evaluations included ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), radar visualization, and hierarchical clustering. Significant variation was detected among genotypes, confirming substantial biochemical and physical diversity. Genotypes G24, G01, and G20 consistently showed higher antioxidant activity, supported by their dry matter and color values. Among these genotypes, G24 was distinguished by the highest DPPH activity, G01 by the highest TPC and FRAP values, and G20 by the highest dry matter content with strong pigmentation. Although TPC and DPPH were not correlated, DPPH exhibited a moderate negative association with the a* parameter (r = –0.60), indicating that antioxidant capacity is influenced not only by phenolic quantity but also by pigment-related characteristics. PCA and clustering further distinguished genotypes based on biochemical patterns, revealing clear genotype groupings. The findings provide one of the first integrated biochemical–colorimetric characterizations of local Turkish radish germplasm and identify genotypes that may serve as promising candidates for future functional food-oriented evaluations and breeding studies. This study offers a statistically grounded framework for further research aimed at enhancing antioxidant-related traits in radish.
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