Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Bacteria Against Angular Leaf Spot of Cucumber (Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) and Their Effects on Growth Parameters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v14i3.742-751.8455Keywords:
Biocontrol , Pathogen Interaction , Plant Growth , Endophytic Bacteria , CucumberAbstract
The yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) are significantly reduced due to Angular Leaf Spot (ALS), a disease caused by the biotic agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl). Previous studies have demonstrated that endophytic bacteria support plants in coping with biotic stress. In this context, 23 endophytic bacterial (EB) isolates, previously characterized in terms of their physiological and biochemical properties, were evaluated. The aim of this study was to identify the most effective isolate among these 23 EB strains in suppressing cucumber angular leaf spot caused by Psl. Additionally, their plant growth–promoting traits were investigated. Cucumber plants were grown first in trays and then in pots containing a peat–perlite (2:1) mixture. Endophytic bacteria were applied by (i) seed coating and (ii) soil drenching methods. The effectiveness of EB applications in suppressing ALS disease severity and their effects on shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, and stem length were evaluated. Preliminary screening at the tray stage identified eight EB isolates as the most effective in reducing ALS disease severity. Three low-performing isolates were eliminated, and the remaining five isolates were further evaluated for their effects on cucumber plants. Among these, isolate T2K2 was identified as the most effective against ALS, while isolate V33K2 ranked second in disease suppression. The highest increase in root fresh weight was observed in the T2K2 and WCS365 treatments. In terms of shoot dry weight, WCS365 was the most successful treatment, whereas under disease pressure, isolate V33K1 resulted in a notable increase. According to 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the most successful isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter sp. The results demonstrate that these genera contribute positively to plant growth and health and may offer significant advantages in agricultural applications. Overall, the findings indicate that appropriate EB–pathogen–plant combinations hold substantial potential for disease control and plant growth promotion.
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