The Effects of Adding Styrax Officinalis L. Leaves on The Fermentation Quality, Nutrient Composition and Microbiological Characteristics of Corn Silage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i11.3369-3375.8162Keywords:
Styrax officinalis L.,, Corn silage,, Fermentation quality, Silage additive , Microbial compositionAbstract
In the study, fresh corn harvested during the milk stage and cut into pieces approximately 1,5-2,0 cm in size was mixed with SL from different vegetation stages (pre-flowering, flowering, seed setting, and fruiting) at levels of 0 (SL0), 1% (SL1), and 2% (SL2) levels. After the additives were added, approximately 500 g of the sample was placed in plastic bags, compressed, and vacuumed to remove the air inside. A total of 45 packages, with 5 replicates for each group, were left to ferment under laboratory conditions for 24 months. After fermentation, chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed on the opened silage samples.The addition of Styrax officinalis leaves to corn silage significantly improved the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and microbial composition of the silage. The content of crude protein (CP) was determined to be highest in silage samples prepared by treatment with SL2 applied to material harvested before flowering (16,04%), and the treatments significantly reduced the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen (NH₃-N/TN) compared to the SL0 group (P < 0,05). In the additive groups, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population increased, while the yeast population decreased. In particular, additives silages prepared from corn materials harvested before flowering and during the fruiting period showed more successful fermentation results with low pH values, high protein levels, and lower dry matter loss (DML) compared to the control group. The highest sensory evaluation scores were obtained in the silage where additions were made during the flowering period.In conclusion, the addition of SL to corn material at the SL1 level, especially during the pre-flowering and fruiting periods, improves fermentation quality, enhances LAB development, limits yeast counts, and increases feed values. In this context, it can be concluded that the SL has the potential to be an alternative source of natural, economical, and sustainable silage additive.
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