Evaluation of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Lythrum salicaria L. Extracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i10.3080-3087.8154Keywords:
Lythrum salicaria, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant capacity, Antimicrobial activity, HPLC analysisAbstract
This study evaluated the phenolic components, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts from the roots, leaves, and flowers of Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife). Phenolic compounds were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS, while total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus), Gram-negative (Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis) bacteria, and Candida albicans using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Flower extracts were found to be richest in ellagic acid (3419.0 ± 50.0 μg/g) and catechin (985.5 ± 30.0 μg/g), while leaves exhibited high levels of gallic acid (752.5 ± 22.5 μg/g) and protocatechuic acid (127.5 ± 3.8 μg/g). Root extracts showed the highest FRAP value (418.7 ± 10.5 µmol TEAC/g), followed by flowers (217.1 ± 5.4 µmol TEAC/g) and leaves (213.7 ± 5.3 µmol TEAC/g). Antimicrobial tests revealed that the extracts, at concentrations of 300–750 µg/mL, exhibited efficacy comparable to commercial antibiotics (ofloxacin, netilmicin) against A. baumannii and B. cereus, highlighting their potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
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