Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds of Rumex acetosella
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13is3.3769-3775.7989Keywords:
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction, Rumex acetosella, Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant activity, DPPHAbstract
This study aims to optimize the effects of ultrasonication time, ethanol concentration, and solid-solvent ratio on the results of ultrasonic extraction of bioactive compounds from Rumex acetosella. A second-order model for the response variable was developed to obtain quadratic equations. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by spectrophotometric absorbance analysis, and the total phenolic compound concentration was calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Absorbance values were recorded, and calibration curves were generated for analysis. Antioxidant activity (AOA) was evaluated using the DPPH method. The percentage of DPPH radical neutralization was calculated using control and sample absorbance values. The second-order models were statistically significant (p < 0.05), but the lack of fit was not significant, indicating good adequacy of the models. The coefficients of determination (R²) for TPC and AOA were 98.52% and 97.43%, respectively, confirming that the models explained almost all of the experimental variability. Under optimum process variables of 10 min., 90% ethanol concentration and 18 mg/mL solid-to-solvent ratio, TPC was 692.92 ± 15.38 mg GAE/g, and AOA was 68.50 ± 12.74%. In conclusion, ethanol was the most important factor affecting TPC, with the highest content obtained at 90% ethanol (692.92 ± 5.34 mg GAE/g), while longer extraction times lead to a decrease in phenolic yielding high. In contrast, AOA was the factor most affected by extraction time. It showed the highest value (~68.49%) at 10 min; a decrease was observed after prolonged sonication. The solid-liquid ratio also contributed to optimization, but its effect was less than that of ethanol concentration for TPC and extraction time for AOA. Findings indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an effective method for optimizing the extraction of bioactive compounds from R. acetosella, a high total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) under carefully controlled processing conditions. The optimized parameters demonstrated the potential of this technique to maximize the recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, making it a promising approach for the extraction of bioactive compounds in food applications.
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